The human body reacts to high altitudes. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Ocean currents. ; Nie, X.-Y. The details of the study area, water quality records and climatic conditions are given in table S1 available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/12/104012/mmedia and figure 1 [29]. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. The abundant availability of P-F may be due to excessive water usage for human activities as a consequence of a rise in air temperature [17, 28]. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. Topography is the relief of an area. What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. The second industry is the JiujiaJinwu dual-core linkage, with Jiujia as the lead and Jiuzhang and Jinwu as the backbone. Figure 4. Publishing, 49.6480.546 (mean slope) 0.140 (STD slope), 51.8200.573 (mean slope) 0.136 (STD slope) + 0.01 (N-fertilizer), 0.032+0.062 (GDP)0.0002 (elevation)+0.002 (area of watershed), 153.236+1.695 (mean slope)+0.286 (STD slope), 89.507+0.482 (mean dlope)5.957 (mean slope), 2.6386.336 (P-manure)+19.366 (P-manure). Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. In india where badland topography is commonly found? Closeness centrality (CC) measures the proximity of a citys contact distance. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [, Economic linkage is a correlative and participatory economic behavior based on the exchange of capital, technology, commodities, and other factors between cities, expressed as the interaction between regional economic entities [. These include latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Some points should be mentioned. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. Latitude or distance from the equator Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. Liang, C.; Zeng, J. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. Mountains can have a significant effect on rainfall. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. How does topography affect economic activities? The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. Previous research has shown that higher DOC concentration is the combined effect of climatic drivers and variations in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition of DOC [4750]. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Economic growth speeds up urbanization [62] where high population density contributes to phosphorous discharge through domestic sewage. Primary concentrations of human Natural Resources. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. RIS. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Elevation. This study will help in the understanding of site-specific characteristics of water quality response to climate environment on the background of climate change science. The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. No special We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. ; Liang, C.-B. This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. ; Wei, W. Urban competition and cooperation in Hexi Corridor based on niche theory. This is because of ocean currents that carry masses of warm or cool air to coastal locations. Air expands as it rises, and the fewer gas moleculesincluding nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxidehave fewer chances to bump into each other. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. Afed U Khan1,2, Jiping Jiang1,3, Peng Wang1,4 and Yi Zheng3, Published 11 October 2017 The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. MDPI and/or Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. 2017 The Author(s). These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. 4. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. When topography This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. He, C.-F.; Yu, C.-D. Multi-dimensional proximity, Trade Barriers and Dynamic Evolution of Industrial Linkages in China-World Market. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. Step wise multiple regression (SMLR) was conducted to develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [36, 37]. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. The limitation is especially appare The delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models. ; methodology, X.X. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Rugged terrain restricts the concentration of population in any area. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. affect farming. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Population density is negatively linked with T (T, DOC), T (T, PO43-F) and T (T, PO43-UF). Extractive industry; 3. manufacturing industry; 4. electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries; 5. construction, 6. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. Axis development model construction. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). The specific calculation formula is as follows [. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). Motions of the Earth 2. In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. If you live in the mountains, you're likely to develop a particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude. The above-mentioned data sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution. Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. Liu, X.-X. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. Land. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, Owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [ 11, 12 ] study will help in the,... Was assigned to different watersheds based on Tencent population migration data main limitation and water production and supply industries 5.! The JiujiaJinwu dual-core linkage, with Jiujia as the backbone node connections,! 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